Early growth, backfat thickness and body condition has major effect on early heifer pregnancy in Nellore cattle.

The aim was to evaluate the association between growth, carcass and visual scores traits with precocious calving in Nellore cattle. Birth weight (BW), weight at 120, 210, 365 and 450 days of age, pre and post-weaning average daily gain, rib eye area, backfat thickness (BF), rump fat thickness and visual scores obtained at 18 months were used for the analysis. Records from 700 females born between 2009 and 2015, exposed to mating starting at 11 months of age were analyzed. Discriminant analyzes were performed with the software Statistica. BW and BF showed the highest (P>0.01) discrimination value for early heifer pregnancy (EP). Extreme intrauterine growth retardation can result in slower growth, which reflects in the worst reproductive performance, confirmed by the variation in BW between precocious and conventional heifers. The results also demonstrate that the level of body fat affects begin of puberty. Bone structure, musculature, depth, tail insertion and rump scores presented the highest discrimination value for EP. These traits can be used as selection tools to improve sexual precocity in female Nellore cattle. The results obtained in this study would support farmers to guide the heifer management and decisions in order to enhance the EP.

Fish diversity along spatial gradients in the Itaipu Reservoir, Paraná, Brazil

Local and turnover patterns of fish diversity in the Itaipu Reservoir were evaluated and related to a longitudinal or river-dam gradient (composed of riverine, transitional, and lacustrine zones) and to transversal or upstream-downstream gradients of the tributaries (composed of lotic and lentic stretches of tributaries and reservoir shores). Thirteen stations were sampled quarterly during 2 years. A total of 85 fish species were caught. Local (alpha) and turnover (beta) patterns of fish diversity showed significant differences in reservoir spatial gradients. Along the longitudinal gradient, total and alpha-diversity were the highest in the riverine and transitional zones of the reservoir and lowest in the lacustrine zone. Along the transversal gradient, total and alpha-diversity increased from the lotic stretches of the tributaries to the reservoir shores. The lotic and lentic stretches of the tributaries presented the highest beta-diversity values, indicating heterogeneity in species compositions among the sub-basins. We conclude with recommendations for reservoir management based on the results of this study.

Padrões locais e regionais de diversidade de peixes no reservatório de Itaipu foram avaliados e relacionados aos gradientes longitudinal ou rio-represa (dividido nas zonas fluvial, intermediária e lacustre) e transversal ou cabeceira-foz dos tributários (dividido em trechos lóticos e lênticos dos tributários e margens do reservatório). As coletas foram realizadas trimestralmente durante dois anos. Foram capturadas 85 espécies. Os padrões de diversidade local (alfa) e turnover (beta) apresentaram diferenças significativas ao longo dos gradientes espaciais. Ao longo do gradiente longitudinal, as diversidades total e alfa foram maiores nas zonas fluvial e intermediária. Ao longo do gradiente transversal, as diversidades total e alfa aumentaram gradualmente do trecho lótico dos tributários às margens do reservatório. Os trechos lóticos e lênticos dos tributários apresentaram os maiores valores de diversidade beta, indicando a heterogeneidade na composição de espécies das sub-bacias. Com base nos resultados deste estudo, recomendamos algumas ações de manejo para o reservatório.

Tratamento da distrofia simpático-reflexa do joelho pela acupuntura / Treatment of reflex sympathetic distrophy of knee by acupuncture

As lesöes mínimas do joelho podem desencadear o quadro de distrofia simpático-reflexa (DSR). Såo analisados o comportamento de oito pacientes com nove joelhos com DSR tratado com o recurso de Acupuntura. A análise estatística quanto à dor mostrou uma melhora significativa em todos os pacientes e melhora significativa na capacidade de correr, de andar, de pular, de agachar; melhora na evoluçåo da limitaçåo de flexåo do joelho e, quanto à evoluçåo da limitaçåo de extensåo mostrou nåo haver diferença significante. Os autores consideram a sensibilizaçåo dos nociceptores como causa fundamental da DSR e observam que 78,8//dos pacientes haviam sido submetidos à exploraçåo cirúrgica do joelho